If this is a Man, by Primo Levi Essay

 « Mais l’Allemand comprit, et parla d’un ton grave à   l’interprà ¨te en indiquant quelqu’un ; alors nous avons vu l’interprà ¨te avaler sa salive, puis il dit :  « L’adjudant vous demande d’à ´ter votre bandage, on vous donnera celui de M. Coen.  » Ces mots-là   avaient à ©tà © prononcà ©s d’un ton amer, c’à ©taient le genre d’humour qui plaisait à   l’Allemand.  » (P28) This passage is from the book written by Primo Levi, If this is a Man. Primo Levi was an Italian Jewish who had been deported to a concentration camp and then to a forced-labor camp near Auschwitz. He writes this book to show people from other religion and even people in general who didn’t know what was really going one, and tell the truth about those camps. In this book, Primo Levi talks about the ghastly conditions in which prisoners were living in and the atrocious treatment they suffered from. Unfortunately, Primo Levi was only one man in the middle of millions of other people who suffered from this racial policy. Even if they just arrived the deportees with whom Primo Levi was with, they assisted at the humiliation of one of them; in despite of the serious tone of the German, we can see that humiliating people is one of the jokes the Germans like. Or maybe, conversely, not all the Germans were approving this humiliation technique because he didn’t laugh at all when he said the ‘joke’, he didn’t even smile or look satisfied. But it is more likely that he was just trying to humiliate them, like he maybe did with lots of others prisoners before and after them. The fact that the German says to M. Bergmann, who had to wear a truss, that he had to remove it and take the one of M. Cohen rather come from mistreatment than other thing. This was one way the Germans felt that they had all the powers, that they would have been able to do everything, and humiliating Jewish was one of those things, to feel powerful and to take advantage of it. This can be a result of the end of World War I where the Germans had been humiliated to death, and they wanted a revenge and the Jewish where only a punchbag. The mistreatment and the humiliation add to the reality of this extract, the fact that Germans who hated Jewish humiliate and mistreat them was more likely to happen. The truss history is probably unique or it may have happen a few times but it’s not something people get easily. I think that it really happened and that, and even if it did not take place, there is a good probability that an event like this one really take place. This passage is typical for the mentality of the Germans, the way that they operate before with the concentration camp and the extermination camp but it is exceptional in the way that even if they make the Jews become like beasts the Germans are still trying to humiliate them a maximum and used everything from them, from their energy to their hair. [pic] Second Gobbet  « Et mà ªme si Null Achtzehn n’est pas particulià ¨rement à ©prouvà © physiquement, personne ne veut travailler avec lui. Car tout lui est à   ce point indiffà ©rent qu’il ne se soucie mà ªme plus d’à ©viter la fatigue et les coups, ni de chercher de quoi manger. Il exà ©cute tous les ordres qu’on lui donne, et il est fort probable que lorsqu’on l’enverra à   la mort, il ira avec la mà ªme indiffà ©rence.  » (P60) This passage is from the book written by Primo Levi, If this is a Man. Primo Levi was an Italian Jewish who had been deported to a concentration camp and then to a forced-labor camp near Auschwitz. He writes this book to show people from other religion and even people in general who didn’t know what was really going one, and tell the truth about those camps. In this book, Primo Levi talks about the ghastly conditions in which prisoners were living in and the atrocious treatment they suffered from. Unfortunately, Primo Levi was only one man in the middle of millions of other people who suffered from this racial policy. Null Achtzehn was a young boy when he first entered in the camp; normally children and adolescent don’t survive in camps because they are a too big threat for the Germans. In his case, the Germans make him become like a machine, he’s indifferent to everything around him, and he’s like the perfect prisoner they want everyone to be, only doing what you are ordered to do, always obeying to what they said, like if he wasn’t human anymore. The fact that he didn’t care about being tired or beaten add to the similarity between Null Achtzehn and a machine or moreover a zombie. No one in the camp wanted to work with him because they didn’t want to be affected and become like him, to become no one. Working with him could have made other prisoners give up on all their efforts to keep their humanity and to survive through all of this. A step to keep their humanity was too keep their names, trying to remember who they were. Null Achtzehn lost his humanity when people began to call him ‘Null Achtzehn’ which are the numbers zero and eighteen in German; they are the last numbers of his tattoo. It is a strange thing that the Germans let a young boy stay alive in a camp. Hitler was thinking that children could be a harm for them because, when they grow up, they could rebel against the German government. The Nazis assassinated 1.5 millions of children, in total. For them, they were only eating food for nothing because they were too young to work but exceptions can happen sometimes so it is no impossible that Null Achtzehn was young when he first came in the camp, and having no family or tutor to guide him may have help his transition into a machine and a number. This passage is exceptional, it is a really strange thing that the Germans let this child alive even if he has nothing human left inside him; maybe they saw no more harm in him anymore. http://www.lettres.ac-versailles.fr/spip.php?article468 http://craunkids.pbworks.com/w/page/23522934/Who%20did%20Hitler%20kill%20and%20why Third Gobbet  « Chacun de nous sort nu du Tagesraum dans l’air froid d’octobre, franchit au pas de course sous les yeux des trois hommes les quelques pas qui sà ©parent les deux portes, remet sa fiche au SS et rentre par la porte du dortoir. Le SS, pendant la fraction de seconde qui s’à ©coule entre un passage et l’autre, dà ©cide du sort de chacun en nous jetant un coup d’oeil de face et de dos, et passe la fiche à   l’homme de droite ou à   celui de gauche : ce qui signifie pour chacun de nous la vie ou la mort. Une baraque de deux cents hommes est  « faite  » en trois ou quatre minutes, et un camp entier de douze mille hommes en un aprà ¨s-midi. Moi, comprimà © dans l’amas de chair vivante, j’ai senti peu à   peu la pression se relà ¢cher de moi, et rapidement mon tour est venu. Comme les autres, je suis passà © d’un pas souple à ©nergique, en cherchant à   tenir la tà ªte haute, la poitrine bombà ©e et les muscles tendus et saillants. Du coin de l’œil, j’ai essayà © de regarder par-dessus mon à ©paule et il m’a semblà © voir ma fiche passer à   droite. Au fur et à   mesure que nous rentrons dans le dortoir, nous pouvons nous rhabiller. Personne ne connaà ®t encore avec certitude son propre destin, avant tout il faut savoir si les fiches condamnà ©es sont celles de droite ou de gauche. Dà ©sormais ce n’est plus la peine de se mà ©nager les uns les autres ou d’avoir des scrupules superstitieux. Tout le monde se prà ©cipite autour des plus vieux, des plus dà ©crà ©pits, des plus  « musulmans  » : si leurs fiches sont allà ©es à   gauche, on peut à ªtre sà »r que la gauche est le cà ´tà © des condamnà ©s.  » (P199-200) This passage is from the book written by Primo Levi, If this is a Man. Primo Levi was an Italian Jewish who had been deported to a concentration camp and then to a forced-labor camp near Auschwitz. He writes this book to show people from other religion and even people in general who didn’t know what was really going one, and tell the truth about those camps. In this book, Primo Levi talks about the ghastly conditions in which prisoners were living in and the atrocious treatment they suffered from. Unfortunately, Primo Levi was only one man in the middle of millions of other people who suffered from this racial policy. In the camp, you live in atrocious conditions, you’re undernourished, you have to work until you die of exhaustion and your life is controlled by men who can decide at any time if you will live or die. This is what happens in the passage, a SS just take the cards of the prisoners who are naked outside and just choose the ones who can continue to work or not; the ones who will survive in the camp or not. It was a terrible emotional ordeal for the prisoners, because they have one chance on two to survive, or they’ll die; all of it depends if the SS put their cards to the left or to the right but after the trick is to know which one of these stacks will die. The way the SS choose is not only because they like the prisoner or not but mostly on his capacity to work or not. This is how a life of a deported looked like in a forced-labored camp: you wake up every morning in a little bed that you’re sharing with someone you don’t even know in the middle of two hundred other men then, you go to work for the day – of course, during the day, you have meals but only in small quantities – then you come back to your ‘Block’ and you get back to bed with the stranger. And you repeat that until you are too tired or you get ill that you can’t work anymore and then you’ll be exterminate. This entire act is only to use the Jewish, make them work to death and then kill them and sometimes they play with them, like in this passage. This passage is more likely to have taken place because we often heard about the well-organization of the Germans. And the SS wasn’t completely taking cards and just saying that this person should die or not because he likes them or not, he was looking at if they were in good shape to work or not. I’m sure this passage had really happen, it coordinates perfectly with their mentality and how they acted before with the Jewish. We always heard that the Jewish were mistreated and this confirmed that they were taken as beasts. This extract was typical for the German’s way of thinking but exceptional for us to imagine that we let people do that to other human just on the pretext that their blood weren’t ‘pure’.

How to Plan for a Listening and Speaking Lesson

How to plan For a Listening Skill Lesson Teacher | Observer | Date | Lesson number | Class level Elementary| Number of students| Timetable fit| Previous lesson: Reading and speaking skillThis lesson: Listening and speaking skillNext lesson: Listening and speaking skill| for the teacher)| To provide an engaging lessons for students and improving their listening skill. * To monitor closely and make sure the lesson is successful. | Objectives (for the students)| By the end of the lesson the students will: 1) Have practiced listening for gist of a radio program. 2) Have learnt the vocabulary related to professions/jobs.Language AnalysisForm Meaning PronunciationLexis in text Guess (v, present simple) supposeQuiz (n, sing) a test of knowledgeTeam (n, a group of playersUnemployed (v, past) Writer (n, sing)Guest (n, sing) a person who is invited to take part in a function by other personDepends (v, simple present) relyUniform (n, sing)Special qualifications (special= adjective, qualificati ons = noun, pl)A lot of (phrase) manyActor (n, sing) role player in drama or filmProfessional (adj) a person who has a professionFootballer (n, sing) who plays footballDo you work†¦? Where? When? How? Topic vocabularyJobs/professions| Assumed knowledge| The students know about different professions like doctor, footballer, and artist. They also know the difference between profession and hobby. | Anticipated problems | 1) This is a radio program some students may not understand it. Students may want to repeat it. 2) Weaker student may not understand the phrases and some of the vocabulary. 3) This can prevent them from completing the comprehension tasks. Solutions| 1. Check elicit before students listen. 2. Include review of vocabulary at the beginning. | Materials | Radio program: Guess the jobFlash cards/pictures of various people doing different jobsOther handouts: (comprehension Qs) – teacher’s own| | Interaction| Procedure| Rationale| 7 mins4 mins3 mins4mins| T -SS-ST-SST-S(pairs/triplets)| 1. Context setT elicits vocabulary related to jobs using picture. Drill if required. A) Where do people work? B) How do they work? When do they work? What kind of information you need to find out what is somebody’s job. Feedback- Pre-teach guess, Quiz, a lot of, unemployed, special qualifications. 2.Prediction taskStudents look at the picture and a) say what they can see and b) what is going on in the program. Feedback- teacher clarifies/elicits and write a brief summary on the board. | To motivate the students so that they take part in the lesson. To prepare the students for what is coming up. | Lesson Content Timing| Interaction| Procedure| Rationale| 3 mins3 mins3 mins 3 mins | SS-Ss-sT-SS| 3. 1st Listening (gist)Students listen to the program and tell whether they recognized the vocabulary. Did they find program what they have guessed before similar to the written on the board? Task- students write the answers in y/n on the handouts. Check wi th the partner. Feedback-check as class. | To know that the students have understood the program. |

Future of Pakistan

Future of Pakistan After a great struggle Muslims of the sub-continent succeeded to get a homeland where they could lead their lives according to their religion. On 14th august, 1947. Pakistan came into being. unto now Pakistan has made much progress in different fields. Although Pakistan has been In troubles from the very first day yet It has made much progress . Now Pakistan is the 6th atomic power in the world. Exploring current images of Pakistan's futures is the task for this essay. Based on a literature review ofPakistani magazines, newspapers and Journals as well as conversations with Pakistani scholars and interviews with members of the general public, we develop and evaluate five Images or scenarios of the future. This essay concludes with suggestions for designing alternative futures for Pakistan. Before we articulate these images of the future, let us first examine the â€Å"futures approach† to the study of social reality. A futures view focuses primarily on tempor ality. Where are we going? What are the possibilities ahead? What strategies can we use to realize our goals?How can he Image of the future help us better understand and change today? who are the losers and winners In any particular articulation of time? The futures perspective Is initially similar to traditional political analysis in that it begins with an exploration of economic, International and social events and the choices made by actors that make these events possible. However, the futures view also attempts to place events and choices within an historical dimension; that is, the larger and deeper structures that make these discrete events intelligible, such as core-periphery. ban-rural, gender, caste, and macro patterns of social change. Also important in the futures view is the post-structural dimension; the larger meaning system or the epistemological ground plan of the real as embedded in language that constitutes events and structures. unfortunately, most efforts to unde rstand the future remain in the predictive mode. It Is often asked. what and when will a particular event occur and how can we profit or increase our power from a specific prediction? Economists and strategic analysts claim to excellent this task.Our efforts here-sensitive to the richness of reality and the need to decolonize the study of the future from narrow models of reality–is to explore images or scenarios of the future. Our task is not to predict and thereby make this essay political fodder for technocrats but to use the future to create real possibilities for change. We thus do not intend to give a familiar reading of Pakistan's future, as might be available In a five year plan, rather we enter Into a discussion of alternative futures, of the many choices ahead as contoured by the structure of istory and the modern boundaries of knowledge that frame our identity.In the images or scenarios that follow it should be remembered that these images are meant as tools for dis cussion and dialog; they are intended to clarify the futures ahead not to reify social reality. Our goal is Insight not prediction. As an Initial caveat, an important failing of this essay is that the textual sources and conversations were entirely in English–one might get different images with local Pakistani languages.By Zainabazharl 2 here they could lead their lives according to their religion. On 14th august, 1947, Pakistan came into being. Unto now Pakistan has made much progress in different fields. Although Pakistan has been in troubles from the very first day yet it has made and evaluate five images or scenarios of the future. This essay concludes with the image of the future help us better understand and change today? Who are the losers and winners in any particular articulation of time?The futures perspective is economic, international and social events and the choices made by actors that make ake these discrete events intelligible, such as core-periphery, urban-ru ral, gender, Unfortunately, most efforts to understand the future remain in the predictive mode. It is often asked, what and when will a particular event occur and how can we profit claim to excellent this task. Our efforts here–sensitive to the richness of reality and future, as might be available in a five year plan, rather we enter into a discussion of ahead not to reify social reality. Our goal is insight not prediction. As an initial caveat,

Refugee health is a wicked problem Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refugee health is a wicked problem - Article Example It means controlling the disease menace becomes a hard task due to a large number requiring immediate healthcare support. Alternatively, with a large number of refugee health problems, health practitioners equally get overstretched because of limited healthcare resources such as drugs and other medicine (Estrine et al, 2010). Overall, refugee health is a serious problem in any society particularly if the government refuses to participate in alleviating the situation. However, I don’t believe the health system should be responsible for all refugee policy. This is because the health system lacks the capacity and resources to manage the refugee menace that is considered a worldwide problem. Instead, the government should put it as a priority among its challenges. In that case, for example, the government deserves to provide health professionals and build facilities that cater for refugees (Ingleby, 2006). Similarly, in order to manage the refugee policy, the government should disburse funds that cater for registered refugees to enable them live healthy lives. The government is equally tasked with resettling refugees while according them longer health insurance that reflects their limited rights and liberties. Psychological counseling is another role that should be played by the government and not the health system (Toebes et al, 2012). It is because the government is endowed with both money and professionals to manage the refuge

Assignment Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment Two - Essay Example After spending much time reading religious books, Ignatius traveled to monasteries and schools praying and studying in preparation of consecrated life to Christ. After his graduate studies at the University of Paris together with his six friends, they vowed to continue with their extended prayer and meditation. The Jesuit society was founded in the year 1534 on a day known as the Assumption day. At the time of the formation of this society, Ignatius was 40 years. After the communion, Ignatius and his companions vowed to go on a mission to a Holy Land. The aim was to convert non members of the group .The constitution of the society was constituted and approved by Paul the 3rd in Rome in the year 1540.The Jesuits vow to serve the Pope and to provide the Pope with unconditional obedience, teaching, confession and to offer voluntary work and services1. France is known as the cradle land of the Jesuits but the society in Italy received its Programme and constitution. The society therefore took its roots first in Italy and then spread abroad. The history of Italian civilization dating to 16th and 17th centuries shows the results to increased number of colleges and Jesuit academies. In Spain, the order’s penetration was slower. The higher clergy and the Dominicans were opposing the action of this group and therefore that contributed to its slow growth. However, the order came to defeat the resistance and eventually found its way in2. The aim of the Jesuits is to form not an intellectual Christian elite but to elite the Christians. Thus, it would be so disturbing for these believers to learn about Candide’s philosophy since to him, God never existed. He was against the fact that God is perfect and he went ahead and proclaimed that if God was perfect as the Jesuits insisted the world should also be perfect. The fact that the world is not perfect formed the basis for Candide to believe that God never existed. The Jesuit society also had a conquering spirit and an ultimate desire to attract nonmembers and to hold them with their influence. Candide’s philosophy was against hypocrisy and immorality among religious leaders, he expresses his view against Christianity by pointing out how religious leaders persecuted those who were against their theology and corruption. For example, in this book we encounter a pope’s daughter; a man of God who was supposed to be selibate and not sire any children but, on the other hand, he secretly keeps an affair with a mistress. In the Candide, the author uses various kinds of satire against optimism which the Jesuit society valued most. Voltaire, the author of the Candide, is satirical about those Christian believers who were caught in wrong doings. Voltaire’s main aim of writing this book was to destroy optimism. This can be very disturbing to the Jesuit society since they preached optimism and good morals. In this case, believers needed to have hope of eternal life and positive feel ing about the future when all was not well. For instance, he used satirical remarks after hearing the old woman’s story. He says it was such a pity for a person as wise as Pangloss who was hanged, they could have spared him instead so

Tourism in morocco and how americans see morocco as a touristic Essay

Tourism in morocco and how americans see morocco as a touristic destination - Essay Example Notably, the same trend was visible in the case of Americans too. As Kiesnoski (2008) points out, there was a 30% rise in the number of American tourists to Morocco on an annual basis since 2008 and it seems that America has been hostile to Morocco all along. However, the situation is improving due to a number of reasons. As such, this paper seeks to critically evaluate the perceptions held by the Americans towards this country and the measures that can be implemented by Morocco in order to attract American tourists. Basically, Morocco is different from the other Middle East nations as a result of different cuisine and traditions. Morocco has the relics of Arab, French, Spanish and Portuguese traditions. As a result of these favorable conditions one can see that the nation is not as calamitous as its Middle East neighbors. Admittedly, Morocco has relatively good relations with the U.S. from the 1950s and the US Government has been working along with the Moroccan authorities to improve the lives of Moroccans. While other nations were turned upside down by citizens calling for revolution, and as the rulers of those nations retorted with military and weapon resulting in mass killings, Morocco witnessed peaceful agitations which are legally allowed and a peaceful referendum from the King offering limited monarchic power. Coskun (2011) posits to the effect that another important point is that unlike other Islamic nations which want to end the rule of monarchs, the majority of the electorate in Morocc o expressed total trust in the King. Thus, according to The Financial Times (2011) report, by adopting a constitutional monarchy like that of Spain or the UK, which is politically open and economically liberal, Morocco stands farther ahead of its Arab companions. Morocco always attracted different types of tourists due to its diversity in cultural tourism it offered. Tourists to Morocco get a chance to experience the various languages, cultures, dresses, and lifestyles

Jinikin Jeans Human Resource Analysis and Strategies Essay

Jinikin Jeans Human Resource Analysis and Strategies - Essay Example By Jinkin Jeans beginning to alter the way in which they approach the structures within the company, there will be the ability to create a different set of return with the company while moving toward increased growth within the corporation. Analysis of People Management The main problem with Jinkin Jeans is noted first through the outcome of the performance that is a part of the company. The human resource management which occurs in a business directly reflects how the external environment responds and what is required for improvement by those which are functioning within a corporation. To alter this, there is the need to analyze the performance of the external environment first then to link this back to the way in which the human resources are functioning within the company (Paul, 2003). For Jinkin Jeans, this is noted with the external performance. There is difficulty in keeping up with the latest trends and fast pace of fashion that is required for the environment. More important, there are continuous complaints from customers and the inability to deliver the right products to those who are interested in the jeans. These are causing for lower performance and for competitors to move ahead of the jean company. The problem links to the management of those working for the company, knowledge of the vision of the corporation and the way in which the different development of jeans is being handled, both in terms of outsourcing the jeans and within the main corporation. The problem which is associated with the human management in Jinkin Jeans is furthered by not having the right individuals toward the tasks as well as carrying a loss of vision toward the requirements with the business. For Jinkin Jeans to remain as a part of the competition there needs to be an approach of having the latest fashion trends, creating accuracy with all products offered and to ensure that there is mainstream developments from all employees. More important, the leaders and those developi ng the products need to have a competent understanding of the tasks to be carried forward within the corporation to expand the market. It is noted that there is a direct relationship between total quality management and operational performance. Total quality management consists of first understanding the vision and values of the company then expanding this into an understanding of the relationships which come from the supply chain to the products and to the external environment. The operations then need to begin reflecting the external environment by the right human resources and the implementation of different tasks per person (Samson, Terziovski, 1999). The third problem which is a part of Jinkin Jeans is based on the outsourcing and lack of staff that is linked to both the outsourcing and the external environment. Currently, there is no marketing manager that is in place. It is also noted that the two owners continue to micromanage the different products without looking at specif ic needs within the corporation. The values with outsourcing and the communication processes don’t have any trained individuals which are working for the corporation and are unable to provide relevant processes that are a part of the corporation. This is combined with a lack of understanding of where the human resource management should implement leadership skills and what the main focus

Hospers' Meaning and Free Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hospers' Meaning and Free Will - Essay Example According to Hospers, acting based on free will is conscious yet such event is directed by unseen wires hidden within human unconsciousness at a depth which guides the main course of hatred or desire to do something that may set the person free. By this argument as well, Hospers states that one cannot be held responsible for an action resulting from a decision governed by the unconscious drive no matter how deliberately done in the process. Though a person sees and is aware of what he actually does, there emerges a series of rationalizations in an attempt to explain this while one is absent in the realization that as he acts in conscious effort or free will, it is the unconscious or the inner clockwork that takes control. Similarly, Hospers maintains the proposition that because this is so, it is the act that must be accountable and not the man to answer for his state of being since his conscious approach serves only as a vehicle to deliver the ends brought about by the unconscious motivation. Within the latter, Hospers assumes that the key to its impact relies upon the shared functions of the ‘id’ by which the wants are acknowledged, the ‘superego’ that typically contradicts the ‘id’, and the unconscious ego which through compromise, keeps these two in proper balance. In support of his position, the professor opens the subject by designating freedom in certain contexts where it may come to mind a full comprehension in relation to the nature of an act. He argues that ambiguity exists in claiming that a voluntary act is free. Hospers does not completely abolish the possibility of being inclined to the thought that all voluntary acts are free or conversely, that free acts are voluntary, he clarifies however that this is limited in scope due to subjective human preference which distinguishes acts that are voluntary from those that are not even if both could be initiated by freedom.  

Read Alouds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read Alouds - Essay Example Reading aloud is so effective due to a number of factors, including: pleasure, emotional bonds among the participants of the process, opportunities to experience unusual situation and listen to the books that are above children’s own reading level. Meanwhile, read-alouds develop children, motivate them to read independently and serve as a trigger for creativity and discussion. Reading to the class, the teacher demonstrates her appreciation of literature and serves as a role model (Kieff 2003, p.28). Read-alouds serve as â€Å"a catalyst† for the discussion and social interchange. As Lawrence Sipe (1999) puts it â€Å"literature can help us perceive reality in new and fresh ways, â€Å"defamiliarizing life† and making us alive to new possibilities, new ways of perceiving the social order, so that we can imagine what a more just society would look like† (p.125). At the end of his article Lawrence Sipe concludes that â€Å"as children embrace or resist texts through language and a variety of artistic modes, they are forging links between literature and their own lives. Such links have the potential to be both informative and transformative for their developing sense of themselves as individuals and members of society† (p.129). However, children’s’ response to literature can be different. Success of read alouds may depend on various factors. Sipe’s article (1999) highlights some factors influencing children’s response to a book. As research show it is the literary experience of the reader and the context, which really matters. Individual experience and cultural background always contribute to the literary response. To my mind, this fact is of special interest for teachers working in multi-cultural classes, which are not rare in the United States. Multicultural literature available today represents cultures, which used to be invisible or treated negatively earlier. Such books can serve as mirrors or windows for children of

Commentary (Economics HL) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Commentary (Economics HL) - Essay Example It’s a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It’s a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. (But it’s not Superman, just in case anyone thought it could solve — or cause — all the world’s problems!)† (What is WTO, 29 September 2008) Some of the most significant functions of the WTO are underlined in the above quote; WTO is an ideal platform for the governments of different countries to negotiate the terms and conditions at which they want the trade to take place. No other organization provides any government with this wonderful opportunity to venture into global trade and to get a taste of the same. Global trade contributes immensely to the economy of any country which is actively involved in it. For instance, Pakistan produces the maximum no of footballs when compared to any other country in the world; the footballs are exported to different countries and the whole process of exporti ng becomes global trade, the profit generated from the production of footballs helps the economy of Pakistan to grow. WTO has 153 members as of now and Pakistan is also one of the 153 members, so this is how WTO helps in the growth of a countries’ economy. The first step in the process of negotiation is talks; the WTO organizes Talks between the representatives of various countries. Negotiation is a very important part of the WTO, the organization firmly believes in negotiating terms and conditions and the same has an influence on the member countries of the WTO. This policy of outing negotiation the first step in the agenda has helped the WTO grow with leaps and bounds. â€Å"Where countries have faced trade barriers and wanted them lowered, the negotiations have helped to liberalize trade. But the WTO is not just about liberalizing trade, and in some circumstances its rules support maintaining trade barriers — for example to protect consumers or prevent the spread of

Business Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business Project - Essay Example It is also seen that a retailer should also take care of their own end of the process. For instance, it can be a good idea for a retailer such as Walmart to make sure that their fleet are efficient and drivers trained to reduce fleet idle time. The case analysis part looks at the things that Walmart has done to make sure that their supply chain is sustainable. At this stage their shortcomings are also discussed. However, at the conclusion it is concluded that despite the fact that there are a number of things that Walmart has not done, the sustainability of their supply chain has significantly improved over the past decade. There are a number of recommendations made on how Walmart can further enhance the sustainability of their supply system. Walmart Inc. is an American multinational company that runs a chain of warehousestore and department stores. The company’s headquarters is in Bentonville, Arkansas. By revenue, Walmart is considered to be the largest company in the world. It is also believed to be among the top private employer in the world with a record of more than 2 million employees. The company has more than 11000 stores in 27 countries. The company uses different names in different countries. In the US the company is known as Walmart. In Mexico it is known as Walmart de Mà ©xico y Centroamà ©rica. In the UK Walmart uses the name Asda, while in Japan and India it uses the names Seiyu and Best Price respectively. Walmart is controlled by the Walton family who own 50% of the company. Walmart is considered to be the largest retailer of grocery products in the US. The operations of Walmart in the US are categorized into retail formats namely: Walmart Supercenter, Walmart Discount Stores, Walmart Neighborhood Market, Supermercado de Walmart, and Walmart Express. Walmart Discount Stores carry general merchandise and various groceries. Many of them also have pharmacies,

Train Surfing in Indonesia Essay Example for Free

Train Surfing in Indonesia Essay Train surfing is practised by many over various countries in the world. It involves riding on the outside of a moving train, and is considered illegal in many countries, but not all. The illegality or acceptance of the act is dependent on the demographics of the country, with it being considered a norm in the more destitute societies of the world (Nazam, 2010) , some of which consider it illegal, and an antisocial behaviour, and criminal activity in prosperous countries. The behaviour is innately dangerous and is associated with many risks including electrocution, falling and being crushed by the moving locomotive, all of which ultimately result in critical injury or death (Wisegeek, 2012). Despite these risks, and attempts to discourage individuals from engaging in the pursuit by authorities (Hannah, 2013), many continue to par-take in the activity for a multiplicity of reasons and attractions, which extend from economic reasons, to individual motives, such as thrill seeking. These variances in motivation across countries and amongst individuals may be explained by the criminological theories of Edgework (Lyng, 1990) ; and the Anomie-Strain Theory (Agnew, 1995) in association with Social Learning Theory (Bandura Mcclelland, 1977) . The motivations behind train surfing tends to be subjective to the culture of those who participate. In countries such as India, Africa and Indonesia, where the activity is quite prominent, those who train surf typically do so due to overpopulated trains, and in some cases, in order to avoid purchasing a ticket. In central Jakarta, during rush hour, when the platforms are swarmed with individuals pushing their way through the crowds in order to obtain a place on the next departing train, hundreds of individuals climb down from, and back up onto, the roof of the train (Morgan, 2013). Romie, who is amongst the crowd, claims that he must â€Å"train surf every day to get work. † Despite being aware of the risks associated he reveals â€Å"he has no choice – there are not enough seats inside during peak hour† (Morgan, 2013). Clearly, Romie reasons that he must engage in this activity due to the economic disadvantage of the country and lack of space on trains. This is consistent with the idea of Strain Theory, which posits that individuals engage in criminal activity due to an inability to satisfy conventional goals set by society (Agnew, 1994), and the justification that to attain these ambitions and conform to society, they must partake in criminal activity. Whilst Strain theory typically embodies the areas of crime which result in direct monetary benefit, such as theft, it is difficult to immediately ascertain said benefit from train surfing. However, the value exposes itself when it becomes understood that individuals such as Romie, must train surf as a means of transporting to work to satisfy these goals, which inherently may be associated with the Conformity aspect of Strain Theory (Merton, 1968). The phenomenon may be further understood with the consideration of Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) in that by transporting on the outside of the vehicle, the negative stimuli of overcrowding during the trip is removed, and the act remains rewarded by the arrival to the destination at the same time as other commuters who have used the train in a legal manner. Typically Strain Theory may refer to a rapid upheaval and change in society and societal norms (Agnew, 2001), however, Merton (1968) elucidates a theory referred to as Social Structural Strain, which refers to the function of deviance in societies and culturally accepted views, versus accepted means. 23-year-old Ahmad Fauzi, an Indonesian man who, like Romie, train surfs in order to get to work, says I know its dangerous but theres no other choice. When the train is crowded its impossible to squeeze inside. (AFP, 2013). In these cases, ultimately, these individuals utilise the socially accepted means of public transport to travel to work, another socially and culturally accepted aspect of life in Jakarta. However, delving further into the public transport system and ideas about accepted goals versus accepted means, it is clear that the accepted goal in this case is use of the public transport system, and the accepted means being travelling within the vehicle.

Classifications Of Business To Consumer Information Technology Essay

Classifications Of Business To Consumer Information Technology Essay Emergence of internet over the past few years has changed the trends of business world at exponential rate. Now world has become a Global Village which means what used to be a single physical market place located in one geographical area has now become a border-less marketplace, attracting customers and businesses from all over the world. It provides businesses with many advantages for instance setting up an online business is less costly since it doesnt require physical infrastructure for a shop, a business can operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year, these long working hours helps businesses generating more profits. It also offers businesses to try new product lines and marketing strategies in cost effective way. The biggest advantage of online business is that even small businesses can compete with international corporations since consumers cannot figure out the actual size of firm. E-commerce can be defined in different ways: E-commerce refers to various online commercial activities focusing on commodity exchanges by electronic means, internet in particular. Zheng Qin (2009) , Introduction to e commerce, Page 7 E-COMMERCE refers to the paperless exchange of business information using electronic data interchange, electronic mail, electronic bulletin boards, electronic funds transfer, world wide web, and other network-based technologies. E-COMMERCE, The Cutting Edge of Business , Second Edition (2005) by Kamlesh K Bajaj and Debjani Nag E-COMMERCE is the use of telecommunications and computers to facilitate the trade of goods and services E-commerce by S. Pankaj (2005) page 3 Types of E-commerce There are Four Main Types Of E-commerce Model: 1) Business to Business (B2B) B2B can be define as commerce transactions between businesses, such as transactions between a wholesaler and retailer. 2) Business to Consumer (B2C) As discussed in class lecture, B2C refers to a commerce transaction between business and individual rather then a company or Businesses selling to the general public for example Dell computer which sells directly to general public through website. 3) Consumer to Business( C2B) C2B is a reverse form of business to consumer, in C2B the commerce transaction take place between consumer and business, for instance Elance.com, which allow individuals to place their requirements on a website within hours companies review the project and make bids on a project then consumer review the bids and select the company with most suitable bid. 4) Consumer to Consumer (C2C) C2C is simply a commerce transaction between consumer to consumer, manay auctions webistes allow consumers to interact with other consumers to buy and sell all sort of items for example Ebay.com, Amazon.com. Above mentioned types of E-commerce clearly shows that electronic commerce is becoming the back bone of transactions at every level for both businesses and consumers. The impact of this emerging trend has changed the fundamentals of supply chain management by redefining the way in which consumers select, purchase and use products and services. E-commerce has also provided companies with opportunity to work more closer to customers what we call consumers intimacy which allow companies to shape their innovation process with changing demand of consumers. Classifications of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce: As described by Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker(2010) With the business to consumer model, businesses sell goods or services to individual consumers. The B2C model was one of the first major types of e-commerce business models to be defined and implemented using the Web. Some example of B2C businesses include Amazon.com, Walmart.com, Overstock.com, and BestBuy.com. There are two main types of B2C E-Commerce: 1) Direct Sellers Direct Sellers are those companies which provide products or services directly to consumers. The important factors that contribute towards the success of B2C e-commerce are Direct Selling experience and consumers database. There is a limit to amount of information that can be communicated through catalogs but internet offers a powerful medium by which direct sellers can provide consumers with thousands of products with detailed description and high-quality visuals. Example: Dell Computers 2) Online Intermediaries Online intermediaries are companies that facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers and receive a percentage of the transactions value. For examples Internet Service Providers( ISP). Supply Chain Management An electronic alternative to the traditional paper chain, providing companies with a smarter, faster, more efficient way to get the right product to the right customer at the right time and price. Combines the power of the Internet with the latest technology, enabling participating suppliers to access up-to-date company information and enabling companies to better manage and track supply and demand http://www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON AIRLINE INDUSTRY: The blessings of Internet have been observed the most by Airline Industry and as a result of it Airline ticket sales now comprise of the largest portion of all product sales made online. This is because e-ticketing is beneficial for both the airlines as well as the travelers. Traditionally the only options available to a passenger were either to buy tickets from a travel agency or from airport. But now with the advent of Internet, airlines have used tool like e-distribution system. An airlines costs can be divided into following two parts: Direct Operating Costs- which includes aircraft, its fuel and salaries of the staff Indirect Operating Costs- which is the distribution cost. The direct operating cost will remain more or less fixed while there is room for saving on indirect cost. This is where e-commerce can play an important role by integrating all business units and efficiently managing logistics. The major components of indirect cost for airline industry includes Sales office, Reservation system ,Travel agent fees,Ticketing fees Promotion and advertisements. Previously, airlines payed commissions to travel agents for selling their tickets, in addition money was also spent on setting up of sales office and staff salaries. Extra capital was used for printing and issuing of tickets. To cut down the operating cost airlines had to turn to e-ticketing to limit their sales offices and reduce their dependency on sales agents. Every airline has now setup their own website offering online booking facility. This also allow Airlines to promote different marketing strategies through web site which gives them more chance to attract new customers. Through the use of e-commerce and development of websites airlines has integrated all the parties involve in a business process for instance tourism business industry can link up with airline website using the integrated information system so that they can get the real time data through share database about the customers booking for their hotel along with the airline tickets. Online sells has also extended the business hours for airlines since customers can do online bookings round the clock and thus throughout the year. While passengers have the luxury of scheduling their own flight in a matter of few clicks saving both time and money. Conclusion: E-commerce has revolutionized the business models. Trading online enables businesses to reach much wider audience while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods. It also provide businesses with long working hours and minimum human capital. E-commerce allows businesses to better understand and meet the demands of customers, working more closely with them by managing databases, resulting in better supply chain management activities and efficient logistics. E-commerce has also changed the way customers learn , select, purchase and use products and services, providing them with more personalized experience ever and by cutting the middle man out businesses have provide consumers with fast processing and close interaction with company.

Reflective Analysis Time Management And Nursing Nursing Essay

Reflective Analysis Time Management And Nursing Nursing Essay An event that was meaningful to me as a nurse happened during my clinical time at St. Michaels Hospital when I did not wash my patient before 8:00 am in order to prepare her to go to a plastic surgery appointment later on that day. My patients 10:00 am Heparin administration was delayed by 45 minutes because she was being washed at that time. This event occurred because I did not prioritize the tasks I had to complete during the day properly, and therefore I learned the importance of time management while I work as a nurse on the clinical unit. Besides me, the people who were involved in the event were the registered nurse who I shadowed, my clinical instructor, and my student nurse buddy. At the beginning of the clinical day, while the events happened, I contacted my instructor, my nurse, and my student nurse buddy. The nurse and I sat down to look at the Kardex of patients and wrote down notes on our Personal Organizational Plan (P.O.P.). On the Kardex, my patients condition was the same as yesterday except she would have a plastic surgery appointment later on that day. Usually the patients husband would visit her daily around 9:30 am and provide care which including washing the patient and helping her to perform bowel elimination. My patient preferred that nurses leave them alone while her husband cares to her. On this particular day, the patients husband had an appointment and could not visit his wife in the morning, which meant it was my responsibility to wash my patient early so she could be ready for her appointment. I verbally informed my student nurse buddy that I would need her help to wash my patient but I thought my memory was good enough that I did not have to write down this specific task on my P.O.P. When I met with my patient, I concentrated on measuring her vital signs, completing the initial assessment, nursing activities, and interviewing my patient for the Roy Care Plan assignment as these tasks were originally listed on the P.O.P. I made sure I finished charting by 9:00 am. Once I finished charting, the nurse came up to me to see if I had bathed my patient and I replied no. From the nurses unsatisfied facial response, I realized I should have bathed my patient earlier in advance. My clinical instructor also asked my student nurse buddy and I the reason the patient had not been washed yet. I thought I could have washed my patient after I completed the charting as I knew the patient usually was washed around 10:00 am by her husband. I felt really bad and irresponsible because I did not wash my patient on time and prepare her for the appointment. My intuition told me there must be an essential task I had missed, but I just could not recall what it was since I did not write it down on the P.O.P. I thought my clinical instructor and the nurse must feel disappointed that I did not perform the task earlier as I remembered my clinical instructor stated clearly to check if any of our patients has special orders or tasks to be done at the beginning of the shift. I believe there are ethical and economic considerations to be taken into account about this event. If my patient was still in the process of getting ready while she received a call to go down to the plastic surgery unit, it would create unnecessary wait time for the plastic surgeon and other patients who would see the plastic surgeon later on. In order to compensate for the extra wait time, staffs at the plastic surgery unit may try to rush things and quality of treatment that patients receive may suffer. Staf fs may have to work overtime due to the delay and economic burden would be a result. In addition, delay of administering Heparin will increase patients risk of blood clotting and serious consequences such as pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis may be resulted. This will be considered as maleficence to the patient (Potter Perry, 2009). Moreover, I believe I should be accountable to my patient by providing safe and quality care to my patient which includes washing my patient on time. This belief arises from my nursing teachers constant reminders to us that it is very important to follow CNOs practice standards during practice. The key issue of the event is time management skills for clinical practice. If effective time management strategies were applied to my clinical practice, the chance of this event occurring would have been minimized and my performance of clinical practice will be improved. According to Chater and Litchfields study done on new graduate nurses who work in a neonatal unit at an Australian hospital (2007), five themes: knowing, planning, support, fulfillment, adapting and being flexible can be utilized to help student nurses and new graduate nurses to better manage their clinical time. Firstly, knowing is essential for nurses to manage time on the unit. The reason is if novice nurses do not know the condition of their patients, then they will not know what interventions they need to apply. More time will be spent looking up and learning about how to take care of the patients conditions. Therefore, obtaining nursing knowledge and familiarity with the daily routine care of the unit can help nurses handle their time on unit more efficiently. Having knowledge about the patients condition will also help novices feel less anxious, gain a sense of control, and raise their level of confidence (Chater Litchfield, 2007). Secondly, planning involves thinking about all the tasks which need to be completed as well as how much time each task requires. Proper planning can guide nurses through their day and ensure that important tasks will not be missed. Taking the time to think about required tasks also saves time because it allows the nurse to figure out what resources will be needed to complete a specific task and get everything ready in advance, rather than beginning a task and suddenly realizing something is missing and having to pause to figure it out. Thirdly, new nurses should not hesitate to obtain support from their preceptors and peers. Researching the right knowledge for a patients problem is time consuming but important, so nurses should not be afraid to ask for help since it is in the best interests of the patient. Also, talking to another new nurse peer will aid in continued development of time management skills. Moreover, when novice nurse are able to manage time and are able to complete all the routine care, they gain a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment (Chater Litchfield, 2007). Finally, adapting and being flexible is essential to mastering time management skills. There are always unexpected and unpredictable events that occur during clinical and being able to adapt and find alternative ways to deal with various situations will help nurses feel less stressed when managing their time on the unit (Chater Litchfield, 2007). Besides the five managing themes stated above, prioritizing is a necessary tool for effective time management. Nurses have to prioritize tasks on their route and finish tasks from high to low priority order. For example, when starting a shift, a nurse should decide which patient requires the most care. The nurse can do this by checking in with each patient briefly to say hello but at the same time to assess their needs. After an assessment is done, it can be explained to the patients who do not need immediate care that they will be taken care of shortly while the nurse attends to those with urgent needs (Waterworth, 2003). In addition, nurses should be careful of some priority setting traps. The first trap is whatever hits first which means a nurse responds to tasks that happen first instead of thinking twice and then responding. The second trap is the squeaky wheel, a patient who is able to gather the most attention from a nurse to hear his or her urgent request may not be the one w ho is the most in need. The last trap is waiting for inspiration, nurses should not be wait to be inspirited to complete a task and they should actively think about what tasks have to be done while on unit (Vaccaro, 2001). I learned effective time management strategies to handle my time on clinical and I will definitely utilize the time managing strategies step by step from knowing , planning , prioritizing tasks, gaining support from other nurses, and being flexible with my tasks. My thinking has changed after analyzing the key issue. It now makes more sense to me the reasons that our instructor requires us to finish all the paperwork on Tuesday night even when we feel tired after spending the whole day on unit. In fact, completing the Diagnostic Complications Sheet and Medication sheet correspond to the knowing phase by gaining knowledge about our patients so that we can provide specific care to our patients, feel less anxious, and better manage our time on unit. By filling the detailed P.O.P., this correspond to the planning theme which helps student nurses organize their day and ensure tasks to be performed will not be missed. In my point of view, I would preserve the action that the register nurse comes to check on me to see if I bathed my patient. With this action, she is being responsible to the patient and also she is offering me support to help me take care of the patient. On the other hand, I would definitely change the way I organize my P.O.P and I would follow my P.O.P. with flexibility and do not just focus on the original task I planned for my patient. For example, once I found out my patient has to be washed before 8:00 am, I will write it down immediately so that I will not forget to complete the task. If a similar situation arises again in my practice, I would inform my student nurse buddy that I require her help to wash my patient before a certain time and ask him or her to remind me to finish the specific task in case I forget or become occupied by some other tasks. In term of recommendations, I think there is no better way than to come to the unit with preparation. For example, student nurses can build their well of nursing knowledge by reading the nursing interventions related to a patients specific condition from the Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing and the Medical-surgical Nursing in Canada. Also, Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice can help student nurses build up their knowledge in medication. The more a student nurse comes prepared for their clinical time, the less anxious he or she will be and can apply the five time managing strategies mentioned above to handle their time on unit more effectively.

batleby the scrivener Essay -- essays research papers

"Bartleby the Scrivener" is a complex story, so I am going to zero in on one particularly interesting and intelligent aspect of it. Due to the power of the message even this one particular aspect will be complex, of course. The first thing to note is that the story has a first-person narrator. The narrator, an anonymous lawyer, is in fact a major character in his own right. Ostensibly the story is about Bartleby and his actions as a scrivener. However, what the story is really about, in a sense, is the effect Bartleby seems to have on the narrator. We learn a great deal about the narrator, but more importantly, we see him undergo several rather significant changes. These changes bring to light Melville’s comment on the oppression and lack of compassion in the emerging capitalist economy The narrator's initial self-characterization is important to the story. He is a "safe" man, one who takes few risks and tries above all to conform to societies norms (Melville 1109). The most pragmatic concerns of financial security and ease of life are his priorities. He has made himself perfectly at home in the modern economy: he works as a lawyer dealing with rich men's legal documents. He is therefore a complement or a double to Bartleby in many ways. Doubling is a recurring theme in "Bartleby the Scrivener." Bartleby is a phantom double of our narrator, and the parallels between them will be explored later. Nippers and Turkey are doubles of each other. Nippers is useless in the morning and productive in the afternoon, while Turkey is drunk in the afternoon and productive in the morning. Nippers' ambition mirrors Turkey's resignation to his place and his sad, uneventful career, the difference coming about because of their respective ages. Nippers cherishes ambitions of being more than a mere scrivener, while the elderly Turkey must plead with the narrator to consider his age when evaluating his productivity. Their vices are also parallel, in terms of being appropriate vices for each man's respective age. Alcoholism is a vice that develops with time. Ambition arguably is most volatile in a man's youth. These characters provide valuable comic relief in what is otherwise a somber and upsetting tale. Melville’s p urpose in making Bartleby’s personality act complimentary to the narrator’s is to demonstrate the chang... ...ience with Bartleby. It is doubtful that the lawyer at the beginning of the story, as he pictured himself, could have imagined such personal tragedies. Here we see the denouement. The culmination of the change that Bartleby has affected in the lawyer. â€Å"Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!† (1134) This final sentence shows a depth of emotion that would have been impossible for the narrator at the beginning of the story. This obvious change gives readers the evidence that Melville was trying to display in support of his view of the negative aspects of the business world. This world and the humanity in it had affected both characters. Bartleby of course was the employee whose constant bombardment with the uncompassionate and pitiless world of Capitalism caused him to lose desire to think for himself and as a response to do nothing. The narrator was the employer whose use of the repetitive and routine tasks of his profession caused him to lose compassion and responsibility. The change in the narrator that one can see take place over the course of the story brings these traits and the institutions that founded them into glaring clarity.

Book Review of Plagues and Peoples by William H. McNeill Essay

William H. McNeill makes a monumental contribution to the knowledge of humanity in his book Plagues and Peoples. He looks at the history of the world from an ecological point of view. From this viewpoint the history of human civilization is greatly impacted by changing patterns of epidemic infection. Plagues and Peoples suggests that "the time scale of world history...should [be] viewed [through] the "domestication" of epidemic disease that occurred between 1300 and 1700" (page 232). "Domestication" is perceived "as a fundamental breakthrough, directly resulting from the two great transportation revolutions of that age - one by land, initiated by the Mongols, and one by sea, initiated by Europeans" (page 232). This book illustrates how man's environment and its resident diseases have controlled human migration, as well as societal successes and failures. McNeill discusses the political, demographical, and psychological effects of disease on the human race. He informs his audie nce that epidemics are still a viable threat to society, and warns of potential future consequences. Since Plagues and Peoples covers several subjects of knowledge, he helps the reader understand key concepts by fully explaining parasitism and its dependence on humans and animals. People in the field of history, which make up a majority of this books audience, would need more insight into epidemiology to grasp its key concepts. It would not be likely for a historian to be knowledgeable in a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in populations. There is a lot of information presented in the text. This is why McNeill has to be careful with the organization of concepts in his book. M... ...ur current political, demographical, and psychological state will surely be altered. McNeill's argument is important because it forces everyone to rethink humanity's role in history. His thesis enables one to take a step back from trivial details and truly examine the larger picture. History classes have always viewed life and events from a political and military point of view. They should consider teaching this approach to history as well. Plagues and Peoples is a very insightful book, that explains in fine detail the causes and events that built up the disease pool. Once reading Plagues and Peoples, history will never seem quite the same. Works Cited Plagues and Peoples. By William H. McNeill. (New York: Anchor Books: A division of Random House, Inc., 1976 and Preface 1998. Pp. 7 + 365. Acknowledgements, preface, map, appendix, notes, index.)

How People Behave And Perform As A Group Education Essay

How people behave and perform as members of a group is every bit of import as their behavior or public presentation as persons. Pulling on your ain experiences and on the theory and research on groups, discourse critically how working in a group can be both psychologically rewarding every bit good as potentially demanding for the person. For illustration, you could utilize your experience of working as a group on a undertaking in a university or in your workplace Contentss: Aim of the Assignment Introduction Individual behavior and public presentation Peoples behaviour and public presentations as members of a group Pros & A ; Cons of working together for an person Critical Analysis & A ; Conclusion Mentions Aim of the Assignment: The chief purpose of this assignment given to each person is to analyse and research on how people behave and to detect closely their public presentation as an person or members of a squad which are every bit of import. Besides sing our ain experience being a squad member or working separately on a undertaking and analysing how it would be honoring both potentially and psychologically. To understand it in a much simple manner allow me set the full purpose into a mathematical equation, which is as follows:Peoples Behaviour + Performance as a squad member = Individual behavior + Individual public presentationThis Equation would look to be about similar when we look at the Left Hand side & A ; Right Hand Side, but it is non, because with my experience as an perceiver, when we look at people ‘s behavior and their public presentation as a squad member, we can besides do out their single behavior and their single public presentation. If we understand any portion of the equation, we can acquire to cognize that person or presume the other portion of the equation, as each portion is interlinked with the other. For illustration: To gauge the value of ‘A ‘ where C = A + B, and C = 10. We can presume B to be of ten value and the value of A = 10 – ten. It might look to be small confusing and complicated but in my position if we understand or analyze a individual in one facet, we can foretell the other facets as good, wherein each facet is every bit of import and rewarding. Introduction: It is really interesting to cognize or to foretell how one single reacts or behaves in an Organization. It feels really good when we can foretell the behavior of a individual if we understand the fortunes good. Is n't it interesting? Well it is for me at least. â€Å" What is Organizational Behavior? † ( 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair ) It is the methodological analysis to understand how single, people or group behaves at workplaces. The whole construct is to understand and foretell the human behaviour in the organisation. In an organisation we have directors who are the leaders and the persons working under them are its followings. If we understand the behavior of the followings and its leaders so it would take us to the success of the organisation as we would be able to cognize the attack of each in assorted state of affairss. Well now we get another inquiry in our head which is â€Å" Does Organisational Behavior require a systematic attack? † ( 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair ) Many people think that it is merely the common sense that we need to use and many think it is merely intuition, but how would this be defined. In my position, common sense is our ain personal sentiments which non needfully be right and intuition is our ain feeling which can non be supported by any theory. Yes, there is a systematic attack for OB because the organisations change, competition addition, affect of engineering on assorted persons. So, we must alter our thought of foretelling people by our common sense and intuitions to following up a systematic system to understand behavior of organisations, persons and groups. I would take this as a privilege to portion my experience as the School Leader for three old ages where I was besides the President of the School Parliament and The Prefect to stand for our Educational Society. It was a ambitious function as I had to pull off all the section and besides study to the office with the behaviors of different cabinet members in the proper running of Assorted Houses. I had to supervise each subsidiary who had a direct attack with the pupils, having their feedback and paying concern to their jobs. Bing immature I had to foretell or presume few things in ways which did non had any theoretical support, but this was necessary to decently understand their behavior and attacks to assorted state of affairss to accomplish the purpose provided and carry through the undertaking anyhow. For illustration: If we analyze an person on a peculiar undertaking, we can presume that individuals ‘ attack to the other undertaking. There are besides elements which act as base for a strong foundation of the organisation where in the directions vision, doctrine, civilization and ends are most of import. There are used to put the organisations environment ( Organizational Behavior.A Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html. Last accessed 19 March 2010. ) The people working in the organisation as persons contribute as the whole to present quality work. The result is the public presentation, development, satisfaction and growing of single. All these elements together build the model of the organisations ‘ public presentation. When I was working for Michael Dell as his declaration expert, I had to be a portion of a group of experts where each single public presentation was calculated wittingly or unwittingly. A path record of each person was maintained and farther public presentation was besides forecasted. It gave everyone an purpose to accomplish, though with tonss of force per unit area as the organisations public presentation was dependent on us irrespective of our psychological wages. We as persons in a group learnt a batch as it gave us an first-class exposure, pleasant for few, and non for few. Individual behavior and public presentation: Martin Goodyer ( 2009 ) ( is an experient professional manager and behavioral alteration practician. He is a corporate manager with a background of 17 old ages in senior concern direction and development ) negotiations about transforming attitude and behaviour jobs into assets. He says that all persons in some point or the other have jobs with their behavior which straight or indirectly affects them at their workplace with the alteration in public presentation degree. Some managers with their single behavior jobs drive their organisation backwards. This is a common thing which we see around us, non merely with managers but besides with other staff members who are trained to present and besides provided support but they are non able to present the undertaking good due to some behavioural or attitudinal issue, that ‘s halting them traveling frontward. Recognizing this is the first of import thing and second is what could be done in work outing the job and change overing it into r ewards/assets. All persons in the organisation could n't be an plus but some of them are who could turn themselves from the behavioural job and can add value to the organisation, alternatively bing the organisation. There is no common sense or logic in work outing the job as worlds are driven by their emotions and non by logic because emotions control our behavior. So, it is our emotions that cause a alteration in our behavior which affect us psychologically and potentially. In order to execute good in a group, each person must screen their ain behavioral job which could originate by itself or while being a portion of the squad. We can happen that issue which is impacting our public presentation and make something about it. Some persons change their behavior or undergo an emotional stimulation under the influence of other individual ‘s behavior in order non to see the hurting or to do them experience better from insight. We can besides analyse them and detect what they are making and why they are making it and understand their behavioural model in order non to acquire a hapless public presentation degree. Even in the most ambitious fortunes we must keep a good degree of communicating in or der to construct a resonance with everyone so that we can cognize the job which is bing organisation and single in public presentation. Tom DeMarco ( 2008 ) negotiations about different forms of Behaviour, where he says, how good a human encephalon is in acknowledging forms. It records different forms which controls our behavior. Our head tries to retrieve assorted forms unconsciously by assorted names or features which we react consequently when our head identifies a similar state of affairs once more. So far there have been 88 different forms over 37 old ages across 25 states which are recognized, each of which has been given a snappish name to retrieve and an essay about it to acknowledge a form and how to continue. The behavior which we adapt might be good or really good in fact, but sometimes it might be destructive and leads to defeat. In my ain experience as the School Rep as mentioned earlier, I had to undergo many emotional stimulation and observe assorted forms in order to set my behavior suited with everyone so that the public presentation degree does non travel bad. I had to keep a proper O degree with everyone about so that everyone could breath good and there prevail no opposition. An single differ from the other in sentiments, attitudes, beliefs, committedness, communicating, experience, civilization, values, instruction, intelligence, emotions, age and life manner, and I got to cognize these different facets with the experience or exposure which I got. The chief thing is communication accomplishments and merely through unfastened and crystalline communicating accomplishments we would be able to transport forward information good with proper lucidity and present it good. It helped me a batch while undergoing this, as this helped me to be emotionally flexible and acknowledging my possible as a leader with a self-praise of assurance. It was a ambitious undertaking, though interesting and cherishable throughout. â€Å" Abilities such as being able to actuate oneself and prevail in the face of defeat ; to command unprompted and delay satisfaction ; to modulate one ‘s tempers and maintain hurt from drenching the ability to believe ; to sympathize and to trust. † ( Daniel Goleman ) . It is non an easy undertaking to actuate our ego when we are hard-pressed or non feeling good. But, if we master in this so it becomes really easy to do right determinations and execute better as it is observed that emotions change quickly at work, due to the circumstance or state of affairs in which we are. OB is really complex as it deals with cardinal things like motive ; it deals with emphasis which is a chief concern these yearss. Some persons find it easier to expose or to stamp down certain emotions or emphasis and accordingly can hold less negative effects. ( Totter dell & A ; Holman, 2003, Call Centre Employees ) . Peoples behaviour and public presentations as members of a group: Harmonizing to Donelson R. Forsyth ( 2006 ) , aA groupA is connexion of two or more persons who are connected to one another by societal relationships. Normally we find that different authors come out with their ain definition of what a group is because they write in respects on their work. Some definitions of a Group: â€Å" Conceiving of a group as a dynamic whole should include a definition of group that is based on mutuality of the members. â€Å" A Kurt LewinA ( 1951: 146 ) â€Å" We mean by a group a figure of individuals who communicate with one another frequently over a span of clip, and who are few plenty so that each individual is able to pass on with all the others, non at second-hand, through other people, but face-to-face. â€Å" A George HomansA ( 1950: 1 ) â€Å" To set it merely they are units composed of two or more individuals who come into contact for a intent and who consider the contact meaningful. â€Å" A Theodore M. Mills ( 1967: 2 ) â€Å" A group is a aggregation of persons who have dealingss to one another that make them interdependent to some important grade. As so defined, the termA groupA refers to a category of societal entities holding in common the belongings of mutuality among their constitutional members. â€Å" A Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin ZanderA ( 1968: 46 ) â€Å" Descriptively talking, a psychological group is defined as one that is psychologically important for the members, to which they relate themselves subjectively for societal comparing and the acquisition of norms and values, †¦ that they in private accept rank in, and which influences their attitudes and behavior. â€Å" A John C Turner ( 1987: 1-2 ) â€Å" A group exists when two or more people define themselves as members of it and when its being is recognized by at least one other. â€Å" A Rupert BrownA ( 1988: 2-3 ) What I feel, a group is a set of different persons who are involved in the group and has a particular bonding amongst them so that they can put to death the undertaking good by demoing first-class public presentation. Sing my experience so far for working in assorted groups at School, College, University or work topographic point ; to present first-class quality work: We should be able to understand each other good in a group because we are sailing ‘in the same boat ‘ ( Brown 1988: 28 ) , so it is good to understand each other psychologically. We should be able to pass on with each other in a clear manner in order to acquire the right response, transmit orders, to acknowledge jobs, to obtain or supply feedback, to cognize others perceptual experiences and to defy struggles. ( Wendy Bloisi, Curtis W. Cook and Phillip L. Hunsaker 2007:355 ) . With my experience, we must pass on in a proper which is really indispensable because it allows the squad members to co ordinate assorted things, portion information with lucidity and fulfill each other demands good. As we are given a undertaking to put to death as a group, we must execute it with high values and criterions and alternatively of taking single recognition ; we must retrieve that our squad is defined by us as a whole and by others working with us as a squad. As Benson ( 2000:5 ) says, â€Å" We must come together to work on common and for in agreement intents † which harmonizing to me is honoring for all in the squad. Pros & A ; Cons of working together for an person: Stephen P. Robbins ( 2005 ) gives us the grounds of why single tend to organize groups. His first ground is Security & A ; Status which everyone is concerned today. None would wish to jeopardize themselves. We feel secure as we are non put to deathing the undertaking entirely and there are others in the group every bit good to supply originative input which gives a multi dimensional position to the undertaking and which in return besides yields better public presentation. It besides helps us acknowledge our potency of working in a group, as in a group when we execute the undertaking given to us ; we get to cognize our capacity of executing that undertaking which is besides psychologically honoring. We besides urge to be a portion of the group because consciously we are cognizant of accomplishing the end if we are a portion of a group instead than working entirely by our ego where we are cognizant of non accomplishing the end because of deficiency of diverseness and inputs. ( Stephen P. Robbins 2005 ) . Hence, it is an chance to work together in groups on undertakings. â€Å" The many are smarter than the few † James Suriwiecki ( 2004 ) As we have seen in single public presentation and behaviour subdivision, persons besides get to cognize their behavior towards other and how it can be altered to experience happy from penetration. They tend to cognize them self much better with the feedback which they get, if it ‘s taken positively by them or else it might take to struggles which is a downside. There are besides jobs which teams face, such as: form of work, accomplishing the end, deficiency in preparation or support, civilization and communicating. ( Betty Conti and Brian H. Kleine 1997 ) . The direction of the organisation must finalise a form or construction of work that best suits the organisation. Sometimes there might be some jobs in the organisation or persons ain committednesss which might upset the docket of the squad. To get the better of this we must ever maintain path of the end to be achieved which is really of import for the squad ‘s public presentation. The direction must besides supply proper preparation and support to the squad participants in order to anticipate good consequences from them. If they do n't acquire proper support or possess deficiency of preparation, so it might take to group ‘s failure. Sometimes people from different civilization may happen it hard to get by up with the state of affairs and there could besides stay some communic ating spread. Robert Loo and Karran Thorpe ( 2002 ) references emphasis which is a factor to worry in squad work caused due to clip force per unit area or defeat. This definitely affects the public presentation as negative response is expected at nerve-racking state of affairss. Persons working in a group are stressed due to non active engagement of the squad mates which increases work burden. Therefore, we must take attention of all these things in order to avoid squads ‘ failure and obtain better consequences. It is besides good for organisation to back up squad work as it would pull more figure of best people to fall in their organisation so that the organisation could execute better. My position is that, it depends all in the organisation which pattern it adapts to give net income and vie with the remainder in the sphere. Critical Analysis & A ; Decision: Working in a group is more good as it is a topographic point where dealingss can turn and a topographic point where people can happen support which is honoring personally. Many people, like me, like to socialise a batch and I ever believe in group work because it yields choice work due to different persons present in group with different mentalities and thoughts, though it is a disputing undertaking to pull off them, as I have an experience of taking a few groups. It is besides potentially demanding as while working together we unconsciously compete with one another and tend to give our best which lets us cognize our ultimate potency and when each clip we go beyond our possible it is good for an person ‘s personality. It is besides psychologically honoring due to the points mentioned earlier. None would wish to neglect at any point and ache their ego regard and position. Working is a group besides helps us beef up our ego regard, behavior with others and command our emotions. For us to do certain that a group delivers the effectual work with efficiency, the squad members in the group must be competent in utilizing all their minute accomplishments. â€Å" Worlds are non born with these accomplishments ; they must be developed. † ( Johnson and Johnson 2003: 579 ; 581 ) This is the best thing which I liked the most while working on this. None of us have come out from the uterus with some particular accomplishments ; it is here were we learn ; which is endlessaˆÂ ¦

Nigerian Legal System Essay

The settlements in due course, either by conquest or by other growth processes, metamorphosed into kingdoms, empires and principalities, which by accident of history and by numerous geographical handicaps II or fortunes (as the case might be), attained varying levels of political, social, cultural and economic development. Certain physical features influenced the occupational distribution of the early settlers, as well as their type of ancestral workshop. For example, northwards were savanna areas; the inhabitants were chiefly pastoral; they worshipped the god of the sky. Southwards were the forest belts; for the settlers who were mainly farmers, the object of their worship was the god of land. Still further southwards are the coastland areas; the settlers were mainly fishermen and they worshipped the goddess of the sea. With time, these groups interacted with considerable frequency and in consonance with some established and regular process. Indeed, the notion of settlement itself connotes a level of human organisation; and where there is an organization, there has to be a scheme of rules or laws and compulsion to enforce obedience if the group or society must survive and continue. Each of the ethnic- linguistic groups therefore had its own concept of law, judicial process and customary laws without which human society could not exist. These laws played a prominent role in the regulation of the affairs of members of the group. They varied with space, character and level of socio-economic development and challenges which faced the various settlements. As should be expected therefore, there were manifestation of different (and sometimes conflicting) ways and conditions as one moved from one place or age to another or one empire or kingdom to another and across the jurisdiction of different customary laws.

Influence of Visual Media

Decades have gone by and in that time culture and visual entertainment media has change tremendously. The interrelationship between culture and visual entertainment media has had an impact on both film and television. Television and film have more violence and more inappropriate words but also captures examples of everyday concerns and provides positive feedback. Since the 1950s the primary source of entertainment has been television ,and has developed an impact on books. Most author’s books have been made into movies providing a more entertaining and visual view of the plot in our most favorite stories.Millions of families gather in front of the television daily and weekly to view their favorite television shows. Shows such as The Brady Bunch and The Cosby show began models of what the perfect family should be like. These shows not only brought us laughs but they also taught us lessons of parenting and the challenges that children face growing up. Visual entertainment has als o shaped American culture by creating improvements to television and film. Impacts like high definition television provides us with a better quality when watching the biggest sports events on television.For an example the Super bowl which is one of the largest sports events and those that not able to attention the game usually tune in from home or have Super bowl parties. These parties are usually thrown by those that have the newest and biggest television model. Visual entertainment has allowed us to be able to actually see the news and sports instead of only having the option of listening on a radio. Before television was invented the radio was one of the only sources of entertainment.Although there has been some positive forms that visual entertainment media has shaped visual entertainment media over the years there have been some negative changes to its value. Years ago the content allowed on television was appropriate for all ages but now it is very risky to even allow children to watch their favorite cartoons. Due to the amount of violence and profanity on television American culture now has concerns with bad influences. Children are being exposed to words and behavior that parents of try every day to teach theirs kids what is right and what is wrong but visual entertainment is showing them things that are negative.When you are teaching your children to not use inappropriate language and are being sure that they are not being exposed to specific words and behavior then some they watch on television is shows kids using inappropriate language or behavior it confused children and influence them to try it. The social influences of visual entertainment media are mostly negative. Social media is now a type of visual entertainment media and creates a negative impact to society because on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram where there are constant post of videos and status.The videos posted on these sights contain violence people fighting one another and their friends or family member recording the fights urging them on. They are also videos posted men and women degrading themselves in sexual ways as well as inappropriate dance videos. All of these things are providing negative influences for youth and adults it seems that American culture is being worsen by these things. Social media should ban those that post inappropriate post of status and videos automatically without it having to be reported. Truth is some of it won’t be reported because this is a form of entertainment for so many.The interrelationship between culture and visual entertainment media has many impacts to television and film. Some of these impacts are positive and some are negative either way they have shaped American culture into what it is today. The positive and negative impacts all us to be visually entertained. Visual entertainment media provides the ability to TV and movies based on your favorite books and sports. It also provides negativity throu gh social influences. However, these are all changes that have impact visual entertainment whether good or bad it is still considered visual entertainment.

The Current Housing Crisis in Maryland

Abstract The current housing crisis in Maryland has devastated much of the inner city of Baltimore and surrounding counties. The economic collapse of 2008 has left many Maryland residences unemployed or underemployed. The direct impact of the economic collapse has left homeowners wondering how they will pay their mortgages and keep food on the table. Maryland homeowners have been struggling to make ends meet. Some of the issues that are being faced have to do with the predatory lending practices of some mortgage lenders. President Obama signed an agreement to bailout some banks in hope to spare families from losing their homes.Those hopes did not pan out well. There was another bailout of $25 billion dollars allotted in Feb 2012 to help homeowners and reduce mortgages to the principal home values. Thus far the mortgage industry has done as little as possible to hold up their end of that bargain. We need to get educated and hold these predatory lenders accountable. The Current Housing Crisis in Maryland By a show of hands, how many people are in a financially challenging situation with paying their mortgage? Do you know that you may very well be a victim of predatory lending practices?You may be asking yourself what is predatory lending. Some of us are familiar with the term. For those who are not, I will explain what a predatory lender is and the effect they have had on our communities. Predatory lenders and the tactics they use to originate loans with unsophisticated buyers are unfair. We now have predatory legal and rescue services popping up everywhere with the defense that they are here to help us. I intend to provide you with information to free legal services and information to assist in the fight to hold the mortgage lenders accountable for what they are doing.I am a Baltimore City resident who is upside down in my mortgage. I owe more on my home than it is worth in today’s market. I am currently in the fight to have my mortgage lender do what is right by lowering my principle home value to a fair market price. I currently owe double what my home is worth. Many of us are upside down, have high interest rates or are currently in foreclosure. We are looking for relief from the banks that don’t seem to care much about where our families will sleep once we lose our homes. We need to embarrass them for the way they are treating minorities and low-moderate income families.Predatory lending practices are a huge contributing factor in the current economic crisis. Many families lost income and the home values have been declining drastically. Saving our homes from foreclosure is the main focus of many families in Maryland. I intend on exposing predatory lending practices that homeowners may not be aware of. The lack of strong regulations in Maryland has allowed unscrupulous mortgage lenders to take advantage of unsophisticated homeowners. Predatory lending has had a devastating effect on individuals and families.The term  "predatory lending† has been used to describe a broad range of loans that are not common in the prime market. These loans do not offer any benefit to the borrower. Some of the most common predatory practices are: †¢Excessive fees and points †¢Ignoring borrower’s ability to repay †¢Balloon payments †¢Interest only loans †¢Excessive interest rates †¢Concealing the true cost of the loan Federal regulators have warned banks that non-traditional mortgages such as interest-only loans may lead to a rash of defaults when the principal must be paid or interest rates increase.With such loans, the homeowners are not paying towards the principal on the loan, only the interest. Interest rate increases could have a devastating effect on the mortgage payment monthly. Adjustable rates have the same devastating effect on homeowners. The interest rate is not guaranteed and could fluctuate greatly on a per month basis. With adjustable mortgage loan terms home owners have no clue on what the loan would eventually cost them. This lending practice is a â€Å"set up to fail† proposition. Underemployment and lack of employment has been the peripheral nail in the coffin for many Maryland families.Many families have lost at least one household income and a few have lost both incomes. Income loss combined with the volatile housing market has crushed the American Dream for many homeowners. People who were able to find work after economic crisis, had to take drastic pay cuts which were not adequate to support their current needs. With the economic downturn families are left to pay for homes they cannot afford. This crisis occurred when the mortgage bubble burst. Many homes were being sold for much more than their fair market value.Once the bubble burst the home value depreciation was steep and sharp. People lost 20-40% of the equity in their homes. Although there are many programs available to help homeowners, the majority of them are unabl e to help homeowners who are under water on the mortgage due to the lost equity in their homes. Some foreclosures are voluntary. When the bubble burst, homeowners found themselves owing 100,000s more than the homes were worth. Those homeowners decided that paying off the mortgage was indeed a bad deal. So they just walked away from the properties.The new dagger in homeowners back is the rise in property taxes. The city government needs money so they have raised the taxed values of homes to bring in more money regardless if the home values are decreasing. Homeowners are losing their homes because their mortgage payments did not include an escrow for homeowners insurance and taxes. Once a homeowner becomes delinquent on their property taxes, they have to pay the past due amount in addition to the current amount due. For the Maryland residence that find themselves in foreclosure, please seek assistance sooner than later.Maryland laws do not demand that you are notified of the Intent to foreclose. Within your originating loan documents you signed either a â€Å"power of sale† or â€Å"assent to decree† which essentially is an ex parte order to sell your property if you are in default. In addition, the predatory lenders make it impossible to become current again once the mortgage is in default. They can add servicing fees such as late fees, force placed insurance, inspection fees, etc. to make it difficult to bring the account current. We as homeowners have the right to stay in our homes.Homes we have cared for over the years. The banks should not have the right to evict us without improving the foreclosure process so we have better and earlier notice and the opportunity to redeem prior to significant costs being incurred. They should reduce the loan principle to the fair market value, adjust interest rates and reevaluate the financial situation of the homeowners. The mortgage industry did a disservice to many of the homeowners in the room. Many of us were uninformed about the repercussions and pitfalls involved with interest only, variable rates and balloon payment loans.Predatory lending practices contributed directly to the economic crisis of the mortgage industry in Maryland. I would like to provide information to several pro bono legal services and housing resources: Pro Bono Resources Center of Maryland. (410)837-9379 or toll free (800)396-1274 www. probonomd. org 1. Civil Justice, Inc. www. civiljusticenetwork. org 2. Public Justice Center (410) 625-9409 for tenants who landlords are in foreclosure 3. Community Law Center (410) 366-7777 www. communitylaw. org 4. Maryland Hope (877) 462-7555 www. mdhope. dhcd. maryland. gov 5.Foreclosure Proceedings in Maryland (Brochure): http://www. msba. org/departments/commpubl/publications/brochures/foreclosure. htm There has been an ongoing investigation into the banking fraud and predatory lending scandal. President Obama signed another bailout of $25 billion dollars in Feb 2012 to help homeowners and reduce principle mortgage values. The bailout involved Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, Ally Financial and JPMorgan Chase. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have yet to come on board however they do offer some homeowner assistance with modification of term and underwater loans.Many look at the bailout as another opportunity to reward the banks for the wrong doing they have done to the citizens and many communities. I was able to look at the bigger picture. This is a way to monitor how many loans are modified and how many principle values are reduced. By providing the bailout this time around there were defined stipulations as to what the funds are to be used for. North Carolina’s Banking Commissioner Joseph Smith will serve as the â€Å"independent monitor† to enforce the deals and their terms. The bailout does very little for the people who have already lost their homes. They are eligible to receive up to $2000.